Mengenal Grammar

Grammar adalah sebuah kaidah dalam menyusun tata bahasa khususnya pada Bahasa Inggris agar suatu klausa maupun kalimat dapat memiliki makna yang padu. Grammar merupakan sebuah susunan yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai jenis kata. Ada 8 jenis kata-kata dengan fungsi berbeda di dalam Bahasa Inggris. Struktur ini mengajarkan kamu untuk dapat mengenali peran dan klasifikasi mereka pada kalimat tertentu. Beberapa kategori kata penting untuk kita kenali yaitu noun, verb, adverb, adjective, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, dan interjection.

Dengan berbagai fokus yang harus kita kuasai, kamu harus mencoba metode belajar bahasa inggris dasar grammar yang sesuai dengan kenyamanan pribadi. Kamu tentu akan keberatan dan kesulitan menghafal semua kelas kata jika tidak memakai cara yang sesuai dengan yang kamu inginkan. Untuk itu, berikut ini adalah beberapa cara cepat belajar grammar yang bisa kamu coba dalam kegiatan sehari-hari.

1. Niat dan Komitmen

Ini adalah fondasi awal buatmu sebelum mencoba teknik belajar lainnya, lho! Kamu perlu meyakinkan diri saat dalam mengasah skill jenis apapun yang ingin kamu tekuni karena semua tidak ada yang instan. Ini adalah hal yang krusial saat kamu ingin berjuang dan memulai suatu kebiasaan baru yang baik. Kamu pun harus fokus pada tujuan dan cita-cita sehingga kamu akan lebih yakin dalam mengasah Bahasa Inggris. Kita tidak harus memulainya secara esktrem, belajar grammar bisa awali dengan cara-cara yang menyenangkan dan bisa kamu pakai sehari-hari tanpa bosan.

2. Libatkan Dalam Hobi dan Kegiatan Favorit

Adakah hobi apa yang sedang kamu tekuni sekarang? Apakah kamu aktif di sebuah kegiatan tertentu? Ini adalah kabar baik untuk kamu yang ingin mencari cara cepat belajar grammar dengan mandiri tanpa rasa bosan! Sebagai contoh jika kamu suka menonton film berbahasa Inggris, kamu dapat mengganti subtitle atau teks tulisan terjemahannya dengan Bahasa Inggris lagi. Kamu bisa memakai teknik ini untuk mengasah kemampuan saat belajar struktur dan susunan kata. Nantinya, kamu akan membiasakan diri dalam mengasah dan mengenali struktur kalimat yang dipakai secara berkala. Pola-pola yang berbeda dalam situasi tertentu juga harus kamu perhatikan. Sebagai bonus, kamu sekaligus dapat melatih kepekaan dalam skill listening untuk mengenali kosakata baru saat pemain di dalam film mengucapkan beberapa kata dan kalimat di dalam film tersebut.

 Apakah kamu pernah merasa bingung saat belajar Grammar / Tata Bahasa Bahasa Inggris (English Grammar), terutama dengan Tenses Bahasa Inggris (English Tenses)? Tenses sendiri adalah sebuah konsep yang menerangkan waktu kejadian dari sebuah pernyataan.

Bagi kita yang bukan penutur asli bahasa Inggris, memang ke-16 tenses bahasa Inggris dapat menjadi hal yang sulit untuk dipahami. Ada banyak peraturan dan juga pengecualian dalam tenses bahasa Inggris. Nah, cara utama untuk menguasai tenses adalah dengan memahami rumusnya, dan kapan kondisinya harus digunakan.

Terdapat 16 Tenses utama yang bisa kamu pelajari.Berikut adalah rangkuman dari ke-16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris dan tips belajar bahasa Inggris untuk menguasainya, serta contoh latihan yang bisa kamu kerjakan.

Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan. Bentuk ini biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.

Rumus

Subject + Verb 1 (present form)

Kata Sinyal

always, every, never, normally, often, sometimes, usually, seldom

Kalimat Positif

He always works very hard in the company.

Kalimat Negatif

He does not work very hard in the company.

Kalimat Tanya

Does he work very hard in the company?

Yes, he does. / No, he does not.

Contoh soal Simple Present Tense:

Positive: Tifa has a very good record at boxing.

Negative: Tifa ..... a very good record at boxing.
Which one is the correct answer?
a. doesn't has
b. hasn't
c. haven't
d. doesn't have
Interrogative: Do you think he can do it all alone?
Negative:

Which one is the correct answer?

a. He don't think you can do it all alone.
b. He doesn't think you can do it all alone.
c. I don't think he can do it all alone.
d. Don't you think he can do it all alone.

 Grammar Translation Method adalah salah satu metode yang umum digunakan sebagai metode  pembelajaran bahasa asing. Grammar Translation Method adalah metode yang dominan digunakan di Eropa pada abad ke-19. Banyak peneliti dan linguis mendefinisikan bahwa metode Grammar Translation Method adalah salah satu metode yang diterapkan dalam pengajaran bahasa asing. Dengan metode ini, siswa belajar aturan tata bahasa dan kemudian menerapkan aturan tersebut untuk menerjemahkan kalimat antara bahasa target dan bahasa asli mereka. Selain itu para ahli menyatakan bahwa Grammar Translation Method adalah salah satu metode paling efektif yang dapat digunakan untuk membaca dan menerjemahkan kalimat yang menunjukkan aturan tata bahasa untuk memperoleh kemampuan  bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua atau second language. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode penerjemahan tata bahasa (GTM) adalah metode pembelajaran pengajaran yang berfokus pada aturan tata bahasa dan penerjemahan dan juga merupakan purpose grammar translation method.

Grammar Translation Method (GTM) adalah sebuah metode mengajar yang biasa digunakan untuk mengajarkan grammar dengan karakteristik utama berfokus kepada translation (penerjemahan) dan menghafalkan bentuk- bentuk kata kerja, ketika mengajar, guru biasanya menjelaskan materi dengan menggunakan bahasa lokal.

Ada begitu banyak metode yang bisa digunakan oleh para guru dalam mengajarkan bahasa asing kepada muridnya. Salah satu metode yang cukup tua di dalam pengajaran bahasa asing adalah grammar translation method atau biasa disingkat dengan GTM. Secara sederhana pengertian grammar translation method adalah sebuah metode mengajar yang biasa digunakan untuk mengajarkan grammar dengan karakteristik utama berfokus kepada translation (penerjemahan) dan menghafalkan bentuk-bentuk kata kerja, ketika mengajar, guru biasanya menjelaskan materi dengan menggunakan bahasa lokal. Skill utama yang menjadi fokus metode ini adalah reading dan writing. Meskipun metode ini terbilang tua dan konvesional, ternyata masih banyak yang mengaplikasikannya untuk mengajar bahasa asing, terutama bahasa inggris.

Tujuan pengajaran menggunakan metode GTM

Penggunaan metode ini didasarkan kepada beberapa tujuan, diantaranya:

• Untuk membuat siswa mampu membaca literatur yang ditulis dalam bahasa target (bahasa asing yang diajarkan)
• Untuk membuat murid mampu menterjemahkan bahasa ibu ke bahasa taget atau sebaliknya, misalnya bahasa indonesia ke bahasa inggris atau bahasa inggris ke bahasa indonesia.
• Untuk mengembangkan kemampuan menulis (writing) dan membaca (reading)

Berdasarkan prator dan celce-murcia (1979:3) ada beberapa faktor penting yang menjadi kunci dari grammar translation method, yaitu:

• Kelas diajar dengan menggunakan bahasa ibu dengan menyisipkan sedikit bahasa target/asing.
• Vocabulary diajarkan dalam bentuk daftar
• Penjelasan panjang diperlukan ketika membahas grammar
• Grammar.
• Pembahasan konten tidak terlalu diperhatikan, treatment dengan cara memberikan latihan dalam menganalisis grammar.
• Sistem drill (pengulangan) seringkali hanya dilakukan saat menterjemahkan kalimat.
• Tidak terlalu memperhatikan pronunciation (cara pengucapan kata)

[sc:kodeadsense]

Keuntungan menggunakan Grammar Translation Method

Adapun keuntungan menggunakan metode ini adalah:

• Bahasa target dijelaskan dengan lebih cepat dengan GTM. Proses menterjemahnkan merupakan salah satu cara terbaik dalam menjelaskan sebuah kata ataupun frase dari bahasa satu ke bahasa yang lain.
• Guru dan murid mudah berkomunikasi karena penggunaan bahasa asing dikurangi.
• Murid mudah mengerti aturan karena berfokus kepada grammar. Murid yang diajar dengan metode GTM biasanya memiliki kemampuan di dalam menterjemakan sebuah teks. Ini dikarenakan mereka memiliki kelebihan di dalam memahami tenses.

Grammar translation method merupakan cara konvensional di dalam mengajar bahasa asing. Meskipun metode ini memiliki beberapa keunghulan, nampaknya metode ini sudah mulai ditinggalkan karena dianggap kuno dan urang tepat bila digunakan di dalam mengajar bahasa asing di masa sekarang ini. Namun sebenarnya, metode apapun yang digunakan, semua bergantung kepada tujuan dari pengajaran bahasa itu sendiri. Selain itu, kecerdasan, keterampilan, serta kreatifitas guru daat menentukan kesuksesan dari sebuah metode pengajaran. So, apakah anda ingin mencoba menggunakan metode ini??

THE ESSENTIALS: CAITRIONA BALFE ON THE ROLES THAT LED HER TO BELFAST

THE BEST SUPPORTING ACTRESS CONTENDER COMPARES HER WORK AS BELFAST’S MA TO HER BREAKOUT ROLE IN STARZ'S OUTLANDER.

THE NOMINEE: CAITRÍONA BALFE

She swears it’s unintentional, but Caitríona Balfe has found a niche in playing strong-willed and opinionated women. She’s known to TV audiences for her work on Starz’s Outlander, playing the smart and outspoken time-traveling Claire Fraser, a medic with a strong knowledge of history. (Penicillin — what a concept!) As Mollie Miles in Academy Awards–nominated drama Ford v Ferrari, she had a need for speed almost as strong as her race car–driver husband (played by Christian Bale). And in this year’s Belfast, she plays Ma — the mother of two boys and the backbone of a working-class Northern Irish family who always looks stylish whether she’s hiding from the rent man or cutting a rug at a Sunday party with the extended family.

Balfe says it’s a “lovely gift” as an actor and as a woman to see a character be a mother and be a wife, but also “an individual who has these quirks and also these fears.” This character is particularly special because she’s based on writer-director Kenneth Branagh’s memories of his own childhood.

“This is something Ken spoke about: his mom had a sort of ‘fizziness’ to her,” Balfe says. “She had a vibrancy. And loved to dance; loved to sing. She loved her fashion. And these were all parts of her that lived very strongly even though she was going through all these stresses and strains.”

The film is known for its music choices, be it native son Van Morrison’s songs cuing certain scenes or a cover of Robert King’s “Everlasting Love” at a pivotal moment at the end where Balfe particularly sparkles.

Balfe, who is Irish, tells Rotten Tomatoes of Belfast that “there’s something extra special about telling a story from home.”

Continued Catriona Balfe about Belfast Film

 Branagh’s film centres on Buddy, an ebullient nine-year-old from a Protestant family, played by Jude Hill. His Pa (Jamie Dornan) works as a joiner in England, as Branagh’s own father did, while his Ma (Balfe) does everything else back home. It’s set in 1969, just as barricades are appearing on streets in Belfast, separating Catholics and Protestants who had previously lived cordially enough as neighbours. Pa wants the family to relocate to England or Canada or Australia, where the work and the money are, but Ma is more resistant, wanting to stick with their friends and Buddy’s grandparents (Judi Dench and Ciarán Hinds).

This might sound like a bleak premise, but Belfast is one of the warmest, most charming films you will see this year. Soundtracked by Van Morrison, there is nostalgia here, but also a recognition that, however grim the Troubles became, there was also warmth, generosity and even remorse about what was happening.

“It’s strange, because obviously some of the material is so heavy, but because it’s done through the eyes of a child it never feels that way,” Balfe says. “It’s so joyous, you come out of that movie just feeling… full.”

Branagh was keen to enlist actors who would bring a personal resonance to the film: Dornan and Hinds are from Belfast; Dench’s mother was from Dublin. The first time they came together, Branagh encouraged them to share tales of their own parents and upbringings. “So I’m not thinking of Judi Dench as Dame Judi Dench, the titan of acting, but I’m thinking of the little girl and her stories,” says Balfe. “It just levels everybody. And I think we all understand something of each other – all of us have left our home and not returned.”

Catriona Balfe

 Interview

‘I got really lucky’: Caitríona Balfe, star of Belfast, on fame, family and fans

Caitríona Balfe is the luminous star of Kenneth Branagh’s Oscar-tipped Belfast. She talks about how modelling almost broke her, bonding on set with Judi Dench and her childhood during the Troubles

Caitríona Balfe can remember the exact moment she realised she was done with being a model. It was the mid-2000s and Balfe was 27-ish, she thinks. It had been almost a decade since she’d been scouted in a Dublin supermarket while rattling a tin for a multiple sclerosis charity. She had done pretty well, walking in runway shows for Louis Vuitton and Chanel, flitting between Paris, Milan and New York. Balfe and her friends called themselves “the blue-collar models” – they weren’t the 0.1% of supermodels, the household names, but the next rung down.

Now, though, Balfe was in Dallas, doing a well-paid but soulless shoot for a catalogue. After each set-up, a producer would ping a little bell to indicate they needed to fast-change to the next outfit. At her age, in that youth-fixated business, Balfe knew the clock was ticking. She’d handled just about as much blunt rejection as she could take for one lifetime. “The shows were fun and exciting, but with catalogues, you’re just standing there like a clothes horse – literally,” says Balfe. “And you know, ‘This is not what I want to be doing with my life.’

“Modelling does two things,” Balfe continues, with a wry laugh. “It gives you a really, really tough exterior and then a really broken interior. Everyone’s experience is different, but I know my confidence and my self-esteem when I finished was in the toilet. Being in that for so long can leave you pretty messed up for a little bit.”

It’s only a mini-spoiler to mention at this point that things eventually worked out rather well for Balfe, who is now 42. That’s why we’re sitting this morning in early December in a very flash London hotel, sharing a bottle of mineral water that costs only fractionally less than a decent bottle of wine. She is wearing an oversized Lauren Manoogian midi-dress and is the first person I’ve seen make a face mask look glamorous. We now know that, after stopping being a model, Balfe would go on to star in five seasons and counting of Outlander, the wildly popular TV franchise. Later this afternoon she will find out that she has been nominated for a Golden Globe for her luminous performance in Belfast, Kenneth Branagh’s new film. An Oscar nod is presumed (by critics and pretty much everyone else, except Balfe) to follow next month.

How Outlander Season 6 Is Unlike Past Seasons

 We talked to executive producer Maril Davis about the specific challenges of crafting Outlander Season 6.

Outlander returns to Starz on March 6th with a different series than what has come before. The upcoming will mark the first time Outlander has moved away from the standard season format. Den of Geek spoke to executive producer Maril Davis ahead of the season premiere to discuss what fans can expect plus additional insights into the production process.

“I think the biggest challenge this season is that we had split book six, A Breath of Snow and Ashes over two seasons,” Davis said. “Since we cut this season short, we’re actually going to continue some of that material in Season 7. So when it first seemed daunting, actually, it completely worked out in the end.” 

“In Diana’s [Gabaldon’s] books, so many things happen and they’re so spread out,” Davis explained for Outlander fans who haven’t read the book series source material. “Things happen so much closer to each other, so I think that’s always a challenge.”

Season 6 only has eight episodes compared to the usual 12 to 16 in previous seasons. Filming during the ongoing pandemic plus schedule conflicts in the cast and crew were the primary causes for this change. “Since we cut this season short, we’re actually going to continue some of that material in Season 7.” 

By Amanda-Rae Prescott

What to Expect from Outlander Season 6?

 Outlander Season 6 has only eight episodes due to production issues caused by COVID-19. The first episode, titled "Echoes", is a 90-minute feature-length episode. And if Gabaldon's assessment of the season is anything to go by (which it should be!), then we're in for a treat. The Outlander author has described the first episode as "absolutely spectacular."

The producers and the stars themselves have dropped many hints over the past few months, describing the new series as 'darker' than previous seasons. It's expected that both Jamie and Claire will face a range of severe and unexpected challenges this season. If you've watched the last five episodes of Outlander, you may be wondering how much more this pair can handle. However, if you're familiar with the books, you'll also know there's plenty more in store, depending on which direction the creators choose to go.

This season is likely to focus even more on the importance of family, with the close-knit group supporting Claire after the horrific events in the finale of Season 5. It's fair to say that the entire family is pretty fractured about the events that took place last season, and there's significant mending to be done.

With the Christie family likely to destabilize any sense of peace left at Fraser's Ridge, along with the impending Revolutionary War, this season will offer plenty of dramatic storylines. There are significant changes coming for the Frasers, who will have to defend their home from impending war and deal with disharmony and division within their home and community. After all, Claire knows what's coming, and Jamie has sworn allegiance with the British, which is bound to create more strain and anxiety the closer the war becomes.

And it's not just the Frasers who will face challenges, but other central characters, including Young Ian, Marsali, and Fergus. Young Ian is developing stronger bonds with the Native Indians and, from the trailer, appears to be struggling with his identity and loyalty. Marsali and Fergus could also see their life change significantly if the storyline follows the book. In A Breath of Snow and Ashes, Marsali gives birth to a baby with dwarfism, which causes not only friction in their relationship but superstition and discrimination from her once tight-knit community.

Some additional storylines that may be featured based on Galbadon's book include:

• Claire being accused of murder
• Roger becoming a minister
• Brianna giving birth to a baby girl
• Jamie working as an 'Indian agent', requiring him to travel regularly to meet with Cherokee tribes
• Lizzie falling pregnant but not knowing whether the father is Keziah or Josiah
• Whichever way the writers decide to go, if the last five seasons are anything to go by, there's likely to be a lot of trauma and emotion involved. This season may just prove to be the family's most difficult challenge to date. And there's bound to be plenty of plot twists and unexpected surprises thrown in for good measure!

Who Is in the Cast of Outlander Season 6?

The cast from Season 5 are all returning, including Jamie (Sam Heughan), Claire (Caitriona Balfe), Brianna (Sophie Skelton), Roger (Richard Rankin), Marsali (Lauren Lyle), Fergus (César Domboy), and Young Ian (John Bell). In addition, this season sees the introduction of a brand-new family, the Christies, which should offer a new dynamic for the show's central characters.

The Christie family comprises dad Tom (Mark Lewis Jones), son Allan (Alexander Vlahos), and daughter Malva (Jessica Reynolds). The trio arrives after Jamie's standing offer to help former Ardsmuir prisoners settle in the area.

Tom is a loyal Scot who fought for the Stuarts during the Jacobite Rising. This loyalty led to him being imprisoned at Ardsmuir, where he met Jamie. Tom may be one of the characters Sam Heughan refers to in interviews where he mentions Jamie's past catches up with him in Season 6. Tom was eventually sent to America as an indentured servant, and after serving his time, he moves to Fraser's Ridge. He becomes a school teacher and the local Protestant faction leader, and his conservative views are likely to cause division among the community.

Allan is Tom's son who moved to America because the man who had purchased his father's indenture papers sent for Allan and his half-sister Malva. Allan is incredibly protective of Malva. If the storyline stays true to the book he could lead to significant problems for Claire throughout this season.

Malva is introduced as Tom's daughter, but the family harbors a secret. She's actually Tom's niece, the result of an affair between his brother and his wife when he was in prison. Malva grows close with Claire and is in awe of her confidence and self-esteem. However, being a traditionalist, her father grows uncomfortable with the relationship, and it's anticipated that this will cause friction and possibly tragedy at Fraser's Ridge.

Outlander season 6 trailer

When Is the Release Date of Outlander Season 6?

The latest episodes of Outlander will premiere on March 6. There have been plenty of teasers from the cast, crew, and producers about what to expect. The season is expected to be predominantly based on the sixth book of Diana Gabaldon's Outlander series, A Breath of Snow and Ashes.

The first four seasons of the show featured storylines and characters based loosely on the first four books written by Gabaldon. Season 5 was a mix of her fifth and sixth book, so the creators may choose to cover the rest of A Breath of Snow and Ashes or incorporate Galbadon's seventh book for Season 6.

Where Can You Watch Outlander Season 6?

Outlander Season 6 will be premiering on all Starz platforms, with new episodes dropping each week. If you need to catch up on earlier seasons, streaming is available on Amazon, the STARZ app, Netflix (in some locations), and Hulu.

The teaser trailer for Season 6 premiered at New York Comic Con on October 9, 2021. The one-minute-long trailer features Jamie and Claire at Fraser's Ridge with the impending Revolutionary War approaching. There's an ominous feeling throughout the trailer, generating a sense that this season will bring significant change and disruption for the entire family. The trailer also offers a glimpse of some new characters that look to be significant players in Season 6, which will undoubtedly create fresh challenges for the Fraser family. The full-length trailer was released on January 19, 2022.